Kiriko refers to highly transparent crystal glass that has been carved or cut with intricate patterns, otherwise known as cut glass. Edo Kiriko was started by a man named Kagaya Kyubei who studied glassmaking in Osaka and under the instruction of an English engineer, developed elaborate methods of cutting glass in the 15th year of the Meiji period (1883). Edo Kiriko features a variety of different designs etched into the surface of the glass, their transparency making for brilliant works of art. In addition to the more traditional patterns of bamboo fences, chrysanthemums, and hemp leaves, one can also find pieces made with novel, modern designs.